The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the general name of a group of viruses that cause various diseases.More than 100 types are known.The pathogen is common all over the world.To avoid infection, it is important to know how human papillomavirus is transmitted.
What is HPV infection?
HPV infection is a group of viral diseases caused by the papilloma virus.At the moment, it is studied and described above 100 types of viruses.Scientists have studied pathogen morphology for a long time, which has allowed to determine what types of viruses what pathologies cause.Separately, a group of HPV has been assigned with a high risk of onco.
Due to the fact that the HPV is mainly affected by the sexual system, gynecologists pay considerable attention to the study of the problem.Speaking of what HPV is in gynecology, it is necessary to notice a high risk of developing the oncology of the cervix.The experts discovered that this virus, more precisely, the sixteenth and 18th types causes the development of the oncological process in the female reproductive system.
HPV - Transmission and infection paths
The papilloma virus is known for its resistance to environmental factors, so for a long time it can maintain the activity in the external environment.This explains the ability of the pathogen of widespread.However, the aerbusto HPV transmission is not transmitted directly.Speaking of how the papilloma virus is transmitted from person to person, the doctors indicate the mandatory presence of direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes of the virus vector.
The HPV transmission courses are different:
- sexual;
- Contact-Household;
- vertical.
The most common way to transmit HPV
After hearing about this type of pathogen, patients are often interested in the doctor: if the human papillomavirus is transmitted sexually.Doctors note that this method is the most common.According to statistics, about 70% of the people who lead an active sex life are vectors of the papilloma virus.In this case, the infection can occur repeatedly for life.
Most women and men are infected by the HPV already several months after the start of active sexual activity.It is worth noting that HPV is often attributed to sexual transmission infections, but infection is possible with sex without penetration.Contact with the genitals of the virus vector can lead to infection.
Doctors also call the following ways of HPV infection:
- with a kiss;
- With oral sex.
HPV - Methods of infection in everyday life
Some specialists in infectious diseases distinguish the domestic path of the HPV transmission.The percentage of the spread of the virus in this way is small, but this possibility cannot be completely excluded.The virus can keep the activity for some time, enter the pool, a bathroom, so infection is possible in common areas.
The infection in daily life occurs with kisses, the use of personal hygiene products of the HPV concerned.In such cases, the risk of infection increases:
- weakening of immunity;
- Violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
The risk of HPV infection
The probability of HPV infection clearly increases with the beginning of sexual activity.This transmission path is considered the main one.At the same time, experts distinguish a series of factors, whose presence several times increases the risk of infection:
- Initial beginning of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- abandonment of contraceptive means.
Separately, it is necessary to say about the possibility of infection during childhood.In most cases, the HPV is transmitted to the child by the mother during childbirth.When promoted along the birth channel, an infection of the child occurs.Children tolerate the infection, practically not manifest it.In addition, thanks to the reception of ready -made antibodies, spontaneous cure together with mother milk is observed.
How is HPV infection?
The HPV infection occurs with the direct contact of the mucous membranes, the skin of the genitals.During sexual intercourse, microcracks and damage to the mucous membranes often occur, which only increases the risk of HPV infection.At the same time, there are some differences in the mechanisms of the transmission of the virus in women and men.
How is human papillomavirus in men transmit?
The probability of HPV infection in men depends directly on the number of permanent sexual partners.Frequent random sexual intercourse increases the probability of infection several times.At the same time, the man himself in most cases not suspect the presence of the HPV virus in the body.Consequently, the virus spreads further.In 90% of cases of sexual relationships, an infection of a partner occurs, which was absolutely healthy.
How is human papillomavirus transmitted to the woman?
The ways of HPV infection in women do not differ from those who are characteristic of men.First of all it is sexual.However, some factors increase the risk of infection in women.
Among these, gynecologists identify:
- Initial beginning of sexual activity;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- abortion;
- History of traumatic birth;
- gynecological diseases;
- stress;
- Long -term reception of oral contraceptives.
Is human papillomavirus transmitted to the child?
Knowing the presence of HPV in the body, women who plan pregnancy in the near future are wondering if the human papillomavirus by the mother is transmitted to the child.Experts say that there is the risk of child's infection.However, in children, HPV is rarely observed, the infection methods differ from those of adults.The transmission of the infection is more often in the phase of fetal progress along the birth channel: the virus from the mother's mucosa passes to the child.
It is worth noting that the danger of this infection is small.In most cases, the child's body manages to get rid of the HPV during the first 2-3 months of life.This happens thanks to the intake of antibodies to the child body together with breast milk.The main danger of HPV for children is to damage the respiratory tract - the occurrence of polyps.Such cases are rare and are considered more exceptions.
HPV - How much does it appear after the infection?
Having learned how human papillomavirus is transmitted, many patients are interested in the terms of manifestation of the first symptoms.Doctors cannot say unequivocally how quickly it manifests itself after the HPV infection.
The following factors are determined:
- age of the patient;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- The state of the immune system.
In practice, the terms of the clinical event of the HPV are different.The appearance of an assumption, the changes in interested cells can be observed both after several weeks and after months.In some cases, the first lesions on the leather in the groin and genitals are found a year after the papilloma virus entered the body.It is possible to determine the exact time of the HPV in the body based on laboratory tests.
Signs of infection with HPV
The symptoms of HPV infection are manifested by the injury of the genitals.In most cases, the virus leads to characteristic skin lesions.Patients record the appearance of vulgar papillomas and pointed warts.Externally, these growth resemble cauliflower, so it is difficult to confuse them with other skin manifestations.
In women, pale pale pink pink growth are located:
- in small lips;
- in the groin;
- on the clitoris;
- near the external hole of the urethra;
- On the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, the conditions are formed in the anus if a woman practices anal sex.A strong growth of these formations leads to the appearance of bloody shoes, sensations of pain during the relationship.In men, these formations are located in the pubis area, perineum, less often on the surface of the penis.
HPV vaccinations after infection
Even those who know how human papillomavirus is transmitted, they are not always able to avoid infection.After the treatment, in order to eliminate the ri -efection of the HPV, to prevent the development of the impact, the doctors are vaccinated against the papilloma virus.Vaccinations prevent the development of viral infection for 15 years or more.